Scope and Sequence Grammar and Sentence Patterns Unit 4

Cambridge Latin Course
Grammar and Sentence Patterns: Scope and Sequence Unit 4

SENTENCE PATTERN	EXAMPLE	GRAMMATICAL POINTS	EXAMPLE
Stage 35
V of speaking, etc. + ACC & INF	amicus meus Silanus, qui cum Agricola in Britannia nuper militabat, dicit Caledonios in ultimis partibus Britanniae habitare.	1st and 2nd person singular, present, future, and imperfect passive (including deponent) indirect statement with present active infinitive after present verb of speaking, etc. further examples of predicative dative fruor, dignus + ablative	dum ego strepitu urbis vixor, tu carmine avium delectaris. in epistula tua dicis te valde occupatum esse. salus enim tua mihi magnae curae est.nunc tamen vita rustica fruor. en splendidus Imperator qui paucis homunculis victis, se dignum triumpho putat.
Stage 36
increased complexity of elements governed by an omitted verb verse word order: separation of noun and adjective verse word order: N + ADJ phrase inside another	ego huc invitatus sum ut recitem, tu ut aduias. "cur non mitto meos tibi, Pontiliane, libellos"?"aethera contingit nova nostri principis aula."	present subjunctive (includingsum, possum, volo)3rd person plural perfect in -ere ablative of comparison	hem! auditores nobis imperant ut taceamus. "centum me tetigere manus Aquilone gelatae." "haec, Auguste, tamen, quae vertice sidera pulsat, par domus est caelosed minor est domino"
Stage 37
ACC & INF + V of speaking, etc. NOM+ est + gerundive of obligation	te fessam esse video. tua tamen sententia amplius est explicanda.	indirect statement with perfect active and passive infinitives after present verb of speaking, etc. perfect subjunctive fearing clauses utor+ablative future perfect passive	Agricola dicit exercitum Romanum Caledonios superavisse. non satis constat quot hostes perierint. timeo ne inquieta sit Britannia, dum Hibernia insula in libertate manet. veritus tamen ne Domitianum offenderet, verbis consideratis usus est:... si Hibernia quoque ab Agricola victa erit totam Britanniam in potestate nostra habebimus.
Stage 38
increased complexity of elements in indirect statement	procerto habeo Domitianum ei poenam aptissimam excogitaturum esse.	indirect statement with future active and present passive infinitives after present verb of speaking, etc. increased incidence of perfect subjunctive deliberative subjunctive gerundive of obligation in future possessive dative	pro certo habeo Quintillianum eos optime docturum esse. tu ipse scis me semper custodiri. Helvidius tres dies iam abest, neque scio quo ille ierit. quid faciam? prius tibi explicandum erit quare dissentias. est mihi nulla spes fugae.
Stage 39
verse word order:N+ ADJ phrases next to each other verse word order: N + ADJ phrases interlaced with each other	"caeruleus frater iuvat auxiliaribus undis." "exspatiata ruunt perapertos flumina campos."	1st and 2nd person plural, present, future, and imperfect passive (including deponents) historic present	cur nos ad Imperatorem arcessimur? si prudenter vos gesseritis, neque castigabimini neque puniemini. "imaque mare et tellus nullum discrimen habebant"... occupat hic collem, cumba sedet alter adunca."
Stage 40
increased complexity in indirect statement, including: gerundive of obligation.	alii existimabant Domitiani iram magis timedam esse quam minas accusantium.	indirect statement (all infinitives) after past verb of speaking, etc.	primus accusator affirmavit multa scelera a Salvio in Britannia commissa esse.
subordinate clauses,	dixit Salvium domi statuam suam in loco altiore quam statuam principis posuisse: imaginem divi Vespasiani quae aulam regis Cogidubni omavisset a Salvio vili pretio venditam esse.	gerundive with ad	magna senatorum multitudo ad causam audiendam in curia convenit.
further examples of verb of speaking, etc., placed after indirect statement or omitted.	affirmavit Salvium superbe ac crudeliter se in Britannia gessisse;conatum esse necare Ti. Claudium Cogidubnum, regem populo Romano fidelissimum et amicissimum; rege mortuo, Salvium testamentum finxisse;poenas maximas meruisse.
perfect infinitive deponent	see example immediately above
Stage 41
increased complexity in indirect discourse: indirect discourse containing an indirect statement or indirect question.	dispice, domine, num necessarium putes mittere huc mensorem ad opera publica inspicienda. rogo igitur, domine, ut scribas quid facere debeam....	ad + gerund fio, fieri, factus sum	melius est publicis servis ad vigilandum in carcere uti. mensores vix sufficientes habeo etiam eis operibus quae aut Romae aut in proximo fiunt.
increased incidence of the alternative indirect question (including the 3rd alternative)	incertus enim sum utrum carcerem custodire debeam per publicos servos (quod usque adhuc factum est) an per milites.	present subjunctive passive and deponent. increased incidence of conditionials using the indicative	curandum est, ut aqua in oppidum Nicomediam perducatur. si enim servis publicis utar, vereor ne parum fideles sint.
omission of forms of esse	refert autem utrum voluntarii venerint an lecti sint vel etiam vicarii a aliis dati.		si quid adversi acciderit, culpam milites in servos, servi in milites transferre poterunt.
Stage 42
interlocking and interlacing of two noun-and-adjective phrases in verse word order	dura tamen molli saxa cavantur aqua.	conditionals: imperfect subjunctive (one occurrence)	si urbanus esses, ... tamen renidere usque quaque te nollem.
Stage 43
increased incidence of variation in word order of the verb of speaking, asking, etc., introducing indirect discourse	matronae quid accidisset exposuit.	imperfect subjunctive: passive and deponent	ita nota erat propter pudicitiam ut ab omnibus feminis illius loci laudaretur.
increased incidence of clustering of participles of different forms	sepulcrum ingressus, visaque matrona pulcherrima, attonitus constitit.	gerund in the genitive and ablative	diffidens fecunditati tuae et dolens orbitate mea, ne ego, tenendo te in matrimonio, spem habendi liberos deponerem, divortium proponere ausa es.
malo + INF + quam + INF	malo mortuum impenedere quam vivum occidere.
Stage 44
framing/seperation in verse word order	motaque pependit in aura.	historic present increased incidence of -ere for -erunt increased incidence of economy of expression with omission of words	dixit et ignotas animum dimittit in artes. inter opus monitusque genae maduere seniles. et movet ipse suas et nati respicit alas.
Stage 45
increased incidence of ellipse (including complexity of a parenthesis)	nam mellitus erat suamque norat ipsam tam bene quam puella matrem.... ille mi par esse deo videture, ille, si fas est, superare divos....	jussive subjunctive, positive and negative, 1st, 2nd (less frequently), 3rd person	vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus... miser Catulle, desinas ineptire....
continuation of features of word order in verse: e.g. abba order of nouns and adjectives relative clause preceding the main clause	rumoresque senum severiorum omnes unius aestimemus assis! sed muller cupido quod dicit amanti in vento et rapida scribere oportet aqua.	conditionals: present subjunctive dative of disadvantage quod in apposition to whole preceding sentence genitive of value	nullli se dicit muliernubere malle quam mihi, non si Iuppiter ipse petat. tam bellum mihi passerem abstulistis. ille mi par esse deo videtur,...qui...te spectat et audit dulce reidetem, misero quod omnes eripit sensus mihi. rumores...omnes unius aestimemus assis!
Stage 46
increased complexity of subordinate clauses in indirect discourse: conditional clauses in indirect statement increased complexity in use of conditional clauses	affirmavit me,quod iuvenis essem, ad salutem pervenire posse: se quae et annis et corpore gravaretur, libenter morituram esse, si mihi causa mortis non fuisset. ego respondi me nolle incolumem esse nisi ila quoque effugisset.	pluperfect subjunctive: passive and deponent conditionals: pluperfect subjunctive subjunctive of alleged cause with quod historic infinitive increased incidence of omission of forms of esse	vix consederamus, cum descendit nox denisissima, quasi omnia lumina in conclavi clauso exstincta essent nam si diutius morati essemus, sine dubio perissemus. paret invita, castigatque se, quod me moretur. tum mater me orare hortari iubere ut quoquo modo fugerem. iam hora diei prima;set adhuc dubia lux.
Stage 47
framing and interlacing in verse word order continues increased incidence of postponement of sentence elements: subordinate conjunction, apposition	es procul in pelago saxum spumantia contra litora, quod tumidis summersum tunditur olim fluctibus, hiberni condunt ubi sidera Cori.... (see sexample above) hic viridem Aeneasu frandenti ex ilice metam constituit signum nautis pater....	poetic plural for singular ablative without preposition meaning "in" and "from"	"vina liquentia fundam." inde ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes (haud mora) prosiluere suis.
Stage 48
asymmetry in sentence structure continues: e.g. casual ablative absolute + quod clause relative clause of purspose + infinitive governed by the same verb	nec dissolutio navis sequebatur, turbatis omnibus et quod plerique nautae, sceleris ignari, eos impedebant qui conscii erant,br>misit igitur libertum qui nuntiaret filie se benignitate deorum et fortuna eius evaisse gravem casum; orare ut Nero... visendi curam differret.	perfect subjunctive: passive and deponent indirect deliberative	dicite mihi quare huc missi sitis. num inspexerit matrem mortuam Nero (ut multi affirmant) et formam corporis eius admiratus sit, incertum est. ministros convocatos consuluit utrum veneno an ferro vel qua alia vi uteretur.
increasing complexity in indirect discourse: ACC + INF and indirect command governed by same verb increasing variety in word order in sentences using indirect question	Acerronia autem, dum se Agrippinam esse imprudenter clamat utque subveniretur matri principis, contis et remis conficitur. quo modo vis et caedes celaretur nemo excogitare poterat. num inspexerit matrem mortuam Nero (ut multi affirmant) et formam corporis eius admiratus sit, incertum est.	seperation of id...quod increasing complexity of use of conditionals	si naufragio Agrippina perierit, quis adeo suspiciosus erit ut sceleri id assignet quod venti et fluctus feceritn? solum insidiarum remedium esse putavit, si non intellegere videretur.